Madal Ghankaudai by Kailash Gyawali

Via Flickr:
Drums in Hari Kul's music store in Patan.

Via Flickr:
Madal (Nepalese Drum, Nepali: मादल) is traditional musical instrument of Nepal. Madal is the most important instrument in Nepalese folk songs. It contains hollow and cylindrical wooden body called Ghar (Nepali:घार ). The opening of the wooden cylinder is covered by starched leather (leather strings are woven in such a way that, the skin on the two ends get stretched ). The leather is made up of goat or ox skin. The stretched leather produces sound when beaten, and the inner hollow part helps to give reverberation to the beat. Right side is smaller and the left is bigger, hence left side gives bass sound. Fingers and palms of both hands are used to bit the drum to produce sound.

The woven leather strings stretches the skins of the two ends; the strings are called Taan (Nepali: तान). Taan contains metal rings to tune it Some part of the streched circular skin is covered by black material called Khari (Nepali: खरी). Khari used to make traditionally by applying a paste of straw ashes and cooked rice. The uncolored region between Khari and outer circumference is called Maidan (Nepali: मैदान). The leather string used to hang Madal is called Juina (Nepali: जुईना)